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Falkland Islanders (also called ''Kelpers'',〔Chater, Tony. ''The Falklands''. St. Albans: The Penna Press, 1996. p. 137. ISBN 0-9504113-1-0〕 ''Falklanders'' or ''Malvineros'' and ''Malvinenses'' in Spanish) derive from various origins. Earliest among these are the numerically small but internationally diverse early 19th century inhabitants of the Falkland Islands, comprising and descended in part from settlers brought by Luis Vernet, and English and American sealers; South American gauchos who settled in the 1840s and 1850s; and since the late 1830s, settlers largely from Britain (especially Scotland and Wales) with a minority from other European countries. There has also been significant recent contributions from Saint Helena and Chile.〔FitzRoy, Robert. ''Narrative of the surveying voyages of His Majesty's Ships Adventure and Beagle between the years 1826 and 1836, describing their examination of the southern shores of South America, and the Beagle's circumnavigation of the globe. Proceedings of the second expedition, 1831-36, under the command of Captain Robert Fitz-Roy, R.N.'' London: Henry Colburn, 1839. Chapter XII, p. 267.〕〔(''Seventeenth periodic reports of States parties due in 2002: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland'' ). UN Document CERD/C/430/Add.3, 13 March 2003.〕 ==Early settlers== Following the abandonment of the archipelago by the Spanish authorities in 1811, the only inhabitants of the islands were people who in their various capacities travelled back and forth, carried out a variety of commercial and shipping activities, sought refuge there, and through various efforts attempted to colonize the islands. Most numerous by far among them were the English and American sealers who had pursued their industry on the Falklands at least since the 1770s, as pointed out by US Secretary of State Edward Livingston.〔Maisch, Christian J. The Falkland/Malvinas Islands Clash of 1831-32: U.S. and British Diplomacy in the South Atlantic. ''Diplomatic History'', Spring 2000, Vol. 24, Issue 2, pp. 185-209.〕 The average number of English and American sealing vessels operating in the area is estimated between 40 and 50〔(Islas Malvinas: Las Malvinas y el Archipiélago Fueguino, Museo Marítimo de Ushuaia ).〕 meaning that several hundred to 1,000 sealers were involved. The settlement of Port Louis, established by Vernet on the site of the former Spanish settlement of Puerto Soledad, had about 100 inhabitants at its high point. In his account of his voyages in , Captain Robert FitzRoy quoted references to the numbers and makeup of the inhabitants from a fellow officer who had previously visited Port Louis. According to that source there were about 100 people in the settlement, comprising: That population was reduced in 1831-32 by various means unconnected with the British arrival at Port Louis on 2 January 1833. Luis Vernet and his family left the Falklands, and returned to Buenos Aires in November 1831 following his action involving the use of force against local American sealers,〔 while the United States warship ''USS Lexington'', Commander Silas Duncan arrested 7 residents he deemed responsible for the detention of US sealing vessels, and also transported from the islands a further 33 persons including families. In his report on the incident Duncan says: On 5 January 1833, at the moment when the remaining Argentine military abandoned the islands,〔List of the soldiers and civilians who left Port Louis, Falkland Islands on the ''Sarandí'' on 5 January 1833, and the prisoners sent to Buenos Aires by José María Pinedo in the ''Rapid'' on 1 January 1833.〕 27 of the original Vernet settlers and 2 temporary residents remained in Port Louis.〔List of the residents of Port Louis, Falkland Islands as of 5 January 1833.〕 These included 12 gauchos from Argentina and their ''Capataz'' (foreman); a Frenchman; 5 Indians from Montevideo, Uruguay; 3 women from mainland South America and their two children. Other nationalities recorded are Irish, Scottish, German, and North American, making up a tiny population of some 7 different nationalities. An insight into the state of the local population in March 1833 is provided by Captain Fitzroy who outlines the scene of a land based population that is vastly outnumbered by the many ships that ply their trade around the islands, the whole completely unregulated by any authority whatsoever: Charles Darwin, who visited the Falklands in 1833 and 1834, was greatly impressed by the expertise of his two gaucho assistants in the exploration of the interior of East Falkland: According to Lieutenant B.J. Sullivan’s survey of the Falklands, corroborated by other sources, in 1838 the then single settlement of Port Louis had a population of 40-45 residents including some gauchos and women from among Luis Vernet’s settlers.〔Destéfani, Laurio H. ''The Malvinas, the South Georgias and the South Sandwich Islands, the conflict with Britain'', Buenos Aires: Edipress, 1982.〕 The population grew to 50 in 1841, and 200 by 1849, boosted by the building of Stanley, the new capital with better port facilities which was inaugurated in 1845. New arrivals included more gauchos from South America and military pensioners, farmers and shepherds from the British Isles.〔(A Brief History of the Falkland Islands. Part 4 - The British Colonial Era. ) Falkland Islands Information Portal.〕 The 1851 Falklands Census recorded 20 men as ‘Gaucho’ by profession, mostly of ‘South American’ nationality, with 8 of them having wives and young children.〔1851 Census Information, Falkland Islands Government Archives, Stanley.〕 Richard Moody, one of the first British governors of the islands, recommended in his Dispatch 13 of 1842: 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Origins of Falkland Islanders」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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